Afghanistan’s foreign minister accused the Taliban on Tuesday of carrying out its worst violence in the past two decades and urged the international community to try to persuade the Taliban to honor a February 2020 agreement with the United States to reduce violence and enter peace negotiations.
Mohammad Haneef Atmar told the U.N. Security Council that with the withdrawal of U.S. and NATO troops “to be completed in the coming weeks,” the international community should also establish a “mechanism” to monitor implementation of the agreement reached in Qatar’s capital Doha and the council resolution supporting it, “and to take appropriate measures to ensure compliance.”
Under the deal, the U.S. agreed to withdraw its troops in exchange for a Taliban promise to denounce terrorist groups and keep Afghanistan from again being a staging arena for attacks on America, to reduce violence and work with the government on a permanent cease-fire, and enter negotiations with the government aimed at restoring peace to the war-battered country.
Afghan soldiers patrol outside their military base on the outskirts of Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, May 9, 2021. By Sept. 11 2021, at the latest, the remaining U.S.and allied NATO forces will leave Afghanistan, ending nearly 20 years of military engagement. Also leaving is the American air support that the Afghan military has relied on to stave off potentially game-changing Taliban assaults, ever since it took command of the war from the U.S. and NATO in 2014. (AP PhotoRahmat Gul)
Atmar said in his virtual briefing to the council's ministerial meeting that the U.S. and regional partners have met almost all their obligations in the agreement, but “it’s a sad reality that the Taliban has not honored any of its obligations,” and has left the country and region “dangerously unstable,”
He pointed to the Taliban's failure to cut ties with international terrorist groups, saying it is hosting “not only al-Qaida but also regional terrorist groups ... in pursuit of their violence campaign against both Afghanistan and other countries.”
He urged the Taliban to explain to the world community why they said they were fighting foreign troops in Afghanistan and are “killing their fellow Afghans, and especially civilians, where the foreign troops are leaving the country now.”
The U.N. special envoy for Afghanistan, Deborah Lyons, told the council she cannot overstate her concern at the situation, saying every major trend -- politics, security, the peace process, the economy, the humanitarian emergency and tackling COVID-19 -- is either “negative or stagnant.”
While Afghans knew international forces would be leaving, she said President Joe Biden’s mid-April announcement that the remaining 2,500-3,500 troops would be gone by Sept. 11 sent “a seismic tremor through the Afghan political system and society at large” because of the speed of their departure.
A U.S.-led coalition launched an invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 to hunt down and destroy the al-Qaida network and its leader, Osama bin Laden, blamed for the 9/11 attacks on America, and overthrew the Taliban, who during their rule imposed a harsh brand of Islam.
Biden said in April that the U.S. was leaving, having achieved its goals: Al-Qaida had been greatly diminished, bin Laden was dead and America no longer needed boots on the ground to fight the terrorist threats that might emanate from Afghanistan. On Friday, Biden will meet with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and Abdullah Abdullah, the head of the country’s High Council for National Reconciliation, which oversees the government’s negotiation team with the Taliban.
Lyons said the Taliban’s increasing violence over the past year, even as peace talks began in Doha in September, and its latest intensified military campaign have led to significant advances for the insurgents.
“More than 50 of Afghanistan’s 370 districts have fallen since the beginning of May,” the U.N. envoy said. “Most districts that have been taken surround provincial capitals, suggesting that the Taliban are positioning themselves to try and take these capitals once foreign forces are fully withdrawn.”
She also pointed to a 29% increase in civilian casualties in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the same period last year, including a 37% rise in casualties among women and a 23% increase among children. She singled out the May 8 attack on girls leaving school in a majority-Hazara area of Kabul that killed nearly 100 young female students, and two attacks this month that killed 11 people clearing mines in Baghlan province and five people engaged in polio vaccinations in Nangarhar province.
Lyons said the military campaign runs country to a recent statement by the head of the Taliban Political Commission who said: “We are committed to forging ahead with the other sides in an atmosphere of mutual respect and reach an agreement.”
The United Nations had hoped to accelerate stalled negotiations in Doha through a conference in Istanbul in April that would have been co-hosted by Turkey, Qatar and the U.N., but the Taliban never officially responded to the invitation, Lyons said, and “the drivers of conflict seem for now to overwhelm" hopes for negotiations.
Lyons urged the U.N. Security Council and regional countries to make every effort “to avoid the country going down the path of more bloodshed and suffering.”
“There is only one acceptable direction for Afghanistan ... away from the battlefield and back to the negotiating table,” she said. “The tragic history of conflict need not repeat itself -- but left to its own and our inertia it just might.”
U.S. Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield reiterated the U.S. commitment to Afghanistan’s safety and security and continuing support for its security forces and economic and humanitarian needs.
She also urged countries with influence to press for negotiations between the Taliban and the government to move forward toward a peace settlement “with the full participation of women.”
“To the Taliban, we reiterate that the military path will not lead to legitimacy,” Thomas-Greenfield said, noting that council members from Europe, Russia and China have also stressed that there is no military solution to the conflict.
“The world will not recognize the establishment in Afghanistan of any government imposed by force, nor the restoration of the Islamic Emirate (under the Taliban),” Thomas-Greenfield warned. “There is only one way forward: a negotiated and inclusive political settlement through an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned process.”