Eka Gigauri is used to harsh words from officials about the anti-corruption work she does in Georgia. But seeing her face on posters, accusing her of being an agent of foreign influence, a traitor and a spy, rattled her.
Gigauri, who leads one of Georgia’s main anti-corruption campaign groups, says she and many others have been targeted in connection with a new law, pushed through parliament by the government.
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Eka Gigauri is used to harsh words from officials about the anti-corruption work she does in Georgia. But seeing her face on posters, accusing her of being an agent of foreign influence, a traitor and a spy, rattled her.
FILE Georgian President Salome Zourabichvili, right, and Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze, left, leave a podium after celebration of the Independence Day in Tbilisi, Georgia, on May 26, 2024. Zourabichvili, Georgia's pro-Western president at odds with the ruling party, vetoed the divisive foreign influence bill after it was passed by the parliament. Georgian Dream – the ruling party – had enough votes to override her veto. The bill was signed into law early June. (Irakli Gedenidze/Pool Photo via AP, File)
FILE Demonstrators with a Georgian national flag gather at the Parliamentary building during an opposition protest against the foreign influence bill in Tbilisi, Georgia, on May 28, 2024. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE Billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, leader of the created by him the Georgian Dream party greets demonstrators during a rally in support of "Russian law" in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 29, 2024, a proposed law that would require media and non-commercial organizations to register as being under foreign influence if they receive more than 20% of their funding from abroad. Ivanishvili, a former prime minister, made his fortune in Russia. His Georgian Dream party promised to restore civil rights, "reset" relations with Moscow and pursue membership in the European Union. It has, however, been accused of creeping authoritarianism, especially not pursuing reforms necessary to ensure juridical independence. (AP Photo/Shakh Aivazov, File)
FILE This photo taken from video released by Georgian Parliament on April 15, 2024, shows the leader of the ruling Georgian Dream party's group in parliament, Mamuka Mdinaradze, left, being punched in the face by opposition MP Alexander Elisashvili while speaking in Tbilisi, Georgia. The scuffle came as parliament debated the bill on foreign influence that became law in early June. As it made its way through parliament, it sparked mass protests by those opposing it. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (Georgian Parliament via AP, File)
FILE Nika Gvaramia, a Georgian politician and the founder of the Ahali party and Mtavari TV, one of the biggest TV media outlets in the country, speaks to journalists during a rally outside the parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 17, 2024, to protest against "the Russian law" similar to a law that Russia uses to stigmatize independent news media and organizations seen as being at odds with the Kremlin. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE Demonstrators against "the Russian law" try to remove a police barrier outside the parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 28, 2024. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE Georgian far right parties and their supporters hold a banner that reads: "No to LGBT darkness", as they gather in front of the Parliament building during a rally against Pride Week in Tbilisi, Georgia, on July 2, 2022. Journalists, campaigners and analysts who spoke to the AP cast it as part of sustained efforts to crack down on critics before a parliamentary election in October, and neuter civil society by advancing repressive "Russia-style" measures - including fresh legislation targeting LGBTQ+ people. They also described an atmosphere of fear and intimidation, with opponents of the bill being harassed, threatened and sometimes physically assaulted. (AP Photo/Shakh Aivazov, File)
FILE Georgia's jailed ex-President Mikheil Saakashvili appears on a screen via a video link from a clinic during a court hearing in the case of the violent dispersal of anti-government mass protests in 2007, in Tbilisi, Georgia, Friday, Oct. 27, 2023. A pro-Western reformist, Saakashvili was president in 2004-13 and was renowned for his energetic efforts against Georgia's endemic corruption, but Georgians became increasingly uneasy with what they saw as his authoritarian inclinations and his sometimes-mercurial behavior. (Irakli Gedenidze, Pool Photo via AP, File)
FILE Georgia's billionaire and opposition leader Bidzina Ivanishvili, right, mingles with his supporters during a rally in the center of Georgia's capital Tbilisi, on Sept. 29, 2012. Ivanishvili, a former prime minister, made his fortune in Russia. His Georgian Dream party promised to restore civil rights, "reset" relations with Moscow and pursue membership in the European Union. It has, however, been accused of creeping authoritarianism, especially not pursuing reforms necessary to ensure juridical independence. (AP Photo/Georgy Abdaladze, File)
FILE Bodyguards escort Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili, center, to shelter under a threat of Russian air attack in Gori, Georgia, Monday, Aug. 11, 2008. A pro-Western reformist, Saakashvili was president in 2004-13 and was renowned for his energetic efforts against Georgia's endemic corruption, but Georgians became increasingly uneasy with what they saw as his authoritarian inclinations and his sometimes-mercurial behavior. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits, File)
FILE Top presidential candidate Mikhail Saakashvili, left, smiles while listening to the preliminary election results as his wife Sandra Roelofs applauds him in Georgia's capital Tbilisi Sunday, Jan. 4, 2004. A pro-Western reformist, Saakashvili was president in 2004-13 and was renowned for his energetic efforts against Georgia's endemic corruption, but Georgians became increasingly uneasy with what they saw as his authoritarian inclinations and his sometimes-mercurial behavior. (AP Photo/Ivan Sekretarev, File)
FILE Police officers detain a protestor during a demonstration outside the parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 16, 2024, to protest against "the Russian law" similar to a law that Russia uses to stigmatize independent news media and organizations seen as being at odds with the Kremlin. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE A demonstrator gestures trying to stop riot police during an opposition protest against "the Russian law" near the Parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
The “foreign influence” law requires media, civil society groups and nonprofit organizations to register as “pursuing the interests of a foreign power” if they receive more than 20% of their funding from abroad. It also subjects them to intense state scrutiny and imposes steep fines for noncompliance.
The government argues the law is needed to curb harmful foreign actors trying to destabilize the South Caucasus nation of 3.7 million. Many journalists and activists say its true goal is to stigmatize them and restrict debate before an election scheduled for October. It could also threaten Georgia’s bid to join the European Union.
This story, supported by the Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting, is part of an ongoing Associated Press series covering threats to democracy in Europe.
The law resembles similar legislation in Russia, where it has been used to crack down on opposition supporters, independent media and human rights activists. Georgian Dream, the country's ruling party, got the legislation through on its second attempt.
In 2012, after years of turbulence, Georgian Dream came to power. The party was set up by Bidzina Ivanishvili, a shadowy billionaire who made his fortune in Russia and served briefly as Georgia’s prime minister. He has stayed out of public view since 2013.
Georgian Dream promised to restore civil rights and “reset” relations with Moscow. It also vowed to pursue EU membership and ties with the U.S., reassuring those Georgians who looked to the West to protect them from their overbearing northern neighbor.
In August 2008, Russia fought a brief war with Georgia, which had made a botched attempt to regain control over the breakaway province of South Ossetia. Moscow then recognized the independence of South Ossetia and another breakaway Georgian province, Abkhazia, and set up military bases there.
In 2022, after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Georgia formally applied to join the EU. Support for EU membership was already high, but after the invasion, polls showed about 74% of Georgians were in favor.
Many in Georgia, with its long history of domination by Moscow, supported Ukraine as it battled the Russian invasion. But the Georgian government abstained from joining sanctions against Russia, barred dozens of Kremlin critics from entering the country, and accused the West of trying to drag Tbilisi into open conflict with Moscow.
Almost exactly a year later, Georgian Dream first put the “foreign influence” bill before parliament. Weeks of demonstrations followed, where police used tear gas and water cannons to disperse protesters.
The EU made clear that the bill, if passed, would damage Georgia’s membership prospects. In March 2023, the draft legislation was withdrawn. In December, the EU offered Georgia official candidate status, despite concerns about the rule of law.
In April 2024, Georgian Dream brought the bill back to parliament and the protesters returned to the streets. Georgia’s pro-EU President Salome Zourabichvili used her veto, but parliament overrode her with a simple majority, and the bill became law.
Rights advocates cast the law as an existential threat.
“By labeling independent groups and media as serving foreign interests, they (Georgia’s leadership) intend to marginalize and stifle critical voices in the country that are fundamental for any functioning democracy,” said Hugh Williamson from the advocacy group Human Rights Watch.
The day after the bill was enacted, Georgian Dream introduced proposals to ban media depictions of same-sex relations and any public gatherings endorsing them.
Tamar Jakeli, the head of prominent LGBTQ+ rights group Tbilisi Pride, argues that both initiatives are part of a broader strategy by the ruling party to divide society.
“The West, the opposition, LGBT people, and civil society — we are all, together, demonized as spreading LGBT propaganda, trying to impose a Western lifestyle, erase Georgian traditions,” said Jakeli, who has moved homes because of safety reasons and carries pepper spray when out.
Like the “foreign influence” bill, the proposed anti-LGBTQ+ provisions mirror Russian legislation. Rumors have swirled for months that Georgian Dream may be acting in coordination with the Kremlin — something the party vehemently denies.
“The evidence for Russia being the power behind Ivanishvili — and Georgian Dream — is, at this stage, circumstantial. But it is nevertheless compelling,” James Nixey, Russia and Eurasia director at the London-based think tank Chatham House, wrote in an analysis in May.
Georgia’s pro-government media sound a steady drumbeat of fear, warning of the West’s supposed attempts to destabilize Tbilisi and stoke conflict with Moscow.
In a speech on April 29 that baffled Tbilisi’s EU partners, Ivanishvili charged that a “global party of war” is secretly channeling funds into Georgia through nonprofits, to topple the government and turn Georgians into “cannon fodder” in a war with Russia.
Maka Bochorishvili, a Georgian Dream lawmaker who heads the parliamentary EU integration committee, told The Associated Press that the “foreign influence” law aims to ensure transparency.
She argued, without providing evidence, that some nonprofits back “nonconstitutional ways of change of government in Georgia,” and that as the election looms, some have started to resemble political parties.
Most organizations targeted by the new law aren’t prominent or influential. Major groups like Gigauri’s Transparency International will face the same level of scrutiny as small news outlets.
None of the journalists and campaigners who spoke to the AP said their organizations would voluntarily join the “foreign influence” register. Gigauri called the decision “a matter of dignity.”
“First of all, we are citizens and patriots of this country,” she said.
But the law means officials can register their publications and organizations anyway. It also allows Georgia’s justice ministry to conduct detailed audits, potentially seizing laptops and other equipment for months at a time.
Nino Bakradze, whose investigative publication iFact.ge has for years tracked secretive offshore companies, corruption and the impact on Georgians of major foreign investment projects, says this would essentially halt their operations.
Seizing the equipment also means authorities could access sensitive data on the organizations’ staff, sources, whistleblowers and those who approach them for assistance. In a country where far-right groups still attack Pride marches, this is especially worrying for LGBTQ+ rights groups like Jakeli’s, many of which have received foreign grants.
Tbilisi’s modernization in recent decades, and its increasingly active citizenry, appeared to signal that democracy can succeed in post-Soviet states, threatening the Kremlin and other regional autocrats.
In October, Georgia faces its next big test: a parliamentary election. Zaza Bibilashvili, an analyst with the Chavchavadze Center, a civil society group, said there was little hope for a meaningful vote if the “foreign influence” law is applied.
Like others, he described an atmosphere of fear and intimidation. Opposition figures have suffered extensive injuries they blame on beatings from police or pro-government thugs. Gia Japaridze, a university lecturer and brother of a top opposition politician, told the AP that his assailants freely admitted he had been targeted because of his criticism of the “foreign influence” law.
“Right now, we still have a civil society that’s trying to survive. In October, we’ll probably have none of that. People will have been arrested (or) expelled,” Bibilashvili argued.
In Tbilisi, the protests against the foreign influence law have grown less frequent as campaigners shift their attention to the upcoming election. But many still draw comfort from the spirit of the rallies that drew Georgians of all ages and backgrounds.
“I’ve never seen Georgian society so united,” said Giorgi Kikonishvili, an LGBTQ+ activist and club promoter in Tbilisi.
“Right now, things are devastating, but at the same time, it’s a very beautiful thing to watch,” he said.
FILE A demonstrator holds a EU flag during an opposition protest against the foreign influence bill at the Parliamentary building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on May 28, 2024. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Shakh Aivazov, File)
FILE Georgian President Salome Zourabichvili, right, and Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze, left, leave a podium after celebration of the Independence Day in Tbilisi, Georgia, on May 26, 2024. Zourabichvili, Georgia's pro-Western president at odds with the ruling party, vetoed the divisive foreign influence bill after it was passed by the parliament. Georgian Dream – the ruling party – had enough votes to override her veto. The bill was signed into law early June. (Irakli Gedenidze/Pool Photo via AP, File)
FILE Demonstrators with a Georgian national flag gather at the Parliamentary building during an opposition protest against the foreign influence bill in Tbilisi, Georgia, on May 28, 2024. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE Billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, leader of the created by him the Georgian Dream party greets demonstrators during a rally in support of "Russian law" in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 29, 2024, a proposed law that would require media and non-commercial organizations to register as being under foreign influence if they receive more than 20% of their funding from abroad. Ivanishvili, a former prime minister, made his fortune in Russia. His Georgian Dream party promised to restore civil rights, "reset" relations with Moscow and pursue membership in the European Union. It has, however, been accused of creeping authoritarianism, especially not pursuing reforms necessary to ensure juridical independence. (AP Photo/Shakh Aivazov, File)
FILE This photo taken from video released by Georgian Parliament on April 15, 2024, shows the leader of the ruling Georgian Dream party's group in parliament, Mamuka Mdinaradze, left, being punched in the face by opposition MP Alexander Elisashvili while speaking in Tbilisi, Georgia. The scuffle came as parliament debated the bill on foreign influence that became law in early June. As it made its way through parliament, it sparked mass protests by those opposing it. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (Georgian Parliament via AP, File)
FILE Nika Gvaramia, a Georgian politician and the founder of the Ahali party and Mtavari TV, one of the biggest TV media outlets in the country, speaks to journalists during a rally outside the parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 17, 2024, to protest against "the Russian law" similar to a law that Russia uses to stigmatize independent news media and organizations seen as being at odds with the Kremlin. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE Demonstrators against "the Russian law" try to remove a police barrier outside the parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 28, 2024. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE Georgian far right parties and their supporters hold a banner that reads: "No to LGBT darkness", as they gather in front of the Parliament building during a rally against Pride Week in Tbilisi, Georgia, on July 2, 2022. Journalists, campaigners and analysts who spoke to the AP cast it as part of sustained efforts to crack down on critics before a parliamentary election in October, and neuter civil society by advancing repressive "Russia-style" measures - including fresh legislation targeting LGBTQ+ people. They also described an atmosphere of fear and intimidation, with opponents of the bill being harassed, threatened and sometimes physically assaulted. (AP Photo/Shakh Aivazov, File)
FILE Georgia's jailed ex-President Mikheil Saakashvili appears on a screen via a video link from a clinic during a court hearing in the case of the violent dispersal of anti-government mass protests in 2007, in Tbilisi, Georgia, Friday, Oct. 27, 2023. A pro-Western reformist, Saakashvili was president in 2004-13 and was renowned for his energetic efforts against Georgia's endemic corruption, but Georgians became increasingly uneasy with what they saw as his authoritarian inclinations and his sometimes-mercurial behavior. (Irakli Gedenidze, Pool Photo via AP, File)
FILE Georgia's billionaire and opposition leader Bidzina Ivanishvili, right, mingles with his supporters during a rally in the center of Georgia's capital Tbilisi, on Sept. 29, 2012. Ivanishvili, a former prime minister, made his fortune in Russia. His Georgian Dream party promised to restore civil rights, "reset" relations with Moscow and pursue membership in the European Union. It has, however, been accused of creeping authoritarianism, especially not pursuing reforms necessary to ensure juridical independence. (AP Photo/Georgy Abdaladze, File)
FILE Bodyguards escort Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili, center, to shelter under a threat of Russian air attack in Gori, Georgia, Monday, Aug. 11, 2008. A pro-Western reformist, Saakashvili was president in 2004-13 and was renowned for his energetic efforts against Georgia's endemic corruption, but Georgians became increasingly uneasy with what they saw as his authoritarian inclinations and his sometimes-mercurial behavior. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits, File)
FILE Top presidential candidate Mikhail Saakashvili, left, smiles while listening to the preliminary election results as his wife Sandra Roelofs applauds him in Georgia's capital Tbilisi Sunday, Jan. 4, 2004. A pro-Western reformist, Saakashvili was president in 2004-13 and was renowned for his energetic efforts against Georgia's endemic corruption, but Georgians became increasingly uneasy with what they saw as his authoritarian inclinations and his sometimes-mercurial behavior. (AP Photo/Ivan Sekretarev, File)
FILE Police officers detain a protestor during a demonstration outside the parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on April 16, 2024, to protest against "the Russian law" similar to a law that Russia uses to stigmatize independent news media and organizations seen as being at odds with the Kremlin. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
FILE A demonstrator gestures trying to stop riot police during an opposition protest against "the Russian law" near the Parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, on Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Thousands of people rallied in Georgia for weeks against the foreign influence bill. Critics compared it to similar legislation Russia uses to stifle dissent, and they worried it would jeopardize Georgia's prospects of joining the European Union. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze, File)
