China is abuzz with vibrant celebrations as folk cultural activities, including artistic performances, local snack-making, and cultural tourism events, are being held nationwide to welcome the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival on Tuesday.
The festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar, is a cherished occasion for family reunions.
In Taiyuan, capital of north China's Shanxi Province, the Jinci Museum has seen a surge in holiday visitors, offering an immersive experience of traditional Chinese culture through activities such as cultural performances and music shows.
"Seeing the cultural performances, and being able to wear hanfu [traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group in ancient times] during the Mid-Autumn Festival, has filled me with a strong sense of cultural confidence," said visitor Wu Yiming.
Jinci is a millennium-old temple with over 100 buildings from the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties (960-1911), more than 100 sculptures, and 30 ancient trees.
Meanwhile, in the renowned cultural city of Fuzhou, the capital of east China's Fujian Province, a series of events themed 'Come to Fuzhou and Receive Blessings' have been taking place in the city's ancient alleyways, showcasing the unique cultural heritage of the 'Zan' (hairpin).
This traditional art form, part of Fuzhou's intangible cultural heritage, showcases the intricate craftsmanship of hairpins, which symbolize luck and cultural heritage.
"This set of three hairpins I'm wearing weighs 330 grams and combines two elements. First, it features traditional patterns, and second, it incorporates the designs of scissors, razors, and kitchen knives, creating a unique blend of tradition and innovation. We hope that through the efforts of new generations in Fuzhou, we can open a door to this cultural heritage and share it with everyone from a fresh perspective," said Hu Lei, head of the Fuzhou Folklore Costume Team.
As the Mid-Autumn Festival approaches, Shajing Village in the Banan District of southwest China's Chongqing Municipality has hosted a lively event showcasing the local tradition of making glutinous rice cakes (ciba), a special delicacy during the festive season.
The villagers gathered early to prepare the delicacy and share it while enjoying cultural performances rich in local flavor.
Many people have also chosen to travel during the holiday to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, visiting historical sites and landmarks to relax and immerse themselves in traditional Chinese culture.
The Yungang Grottoes Scenic Area in Datong City, Shanxi Province, has become a popular destination for tourists during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday, offering personalized tours and photography sessions to appreciate the beauty of the ancient cave art.
The site has enhanced its services and activities to accommodate the diverse needs of visitors during the festive period.
Dating back 1,500 years to the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-535), the Yungang Grottoes boast 45 major caves and more than 59,000 statues. In 2001, they were inscribed on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list.
In Xihuilijia Village, Jinxian County in east China's Jiangxi Province, the annual tradition of burning brick towers to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival took place on Friday, as villagers and tourists came together to welcome the joyous occasion.
The ancient village’s unique tradition of setting ablaze towering structures symbolizes hope for a bright future and a prosperous life.
At 20:00, three imposing five-meter fire towers, each built from 3,000 red bricks, dominated the village square. Villagers ignited the structures with dried mugwort, followed by larger pieces of wood, creating a fiery spectacle.
As the flames died down, villagers stirred the embers with long poles, sending sparks dancing in the wind, captivating tourists eager to witness this unique tradition.
The tradition of burning brick towers during the Mid-Autumn Festival has been passed down through generations in the village, with a history spanning over 600 years.
China celebrates Mid-Autumn Festival with vibrant folk culture activities
A recent study by a Japanese scholar has shed new light on exposing the horrific crimes of human experiments committed by Unit 731, a notorious Japanese germ-warfare detachment stationed in northeast China during World War II.
Unit 731 was a top-secret biological and chemical warfare research base established in Harbin, capital of northeast China's Heilongjiang Province in 1935 as the nerve center of Japanese biological warfare in China and Southeast Asia during World War II.
In an interview with China Central Television on the occasion of the 93rd anniversary of the September 18, 1931 Incident, Takao Matsumura, an honorary professor of Japan's Keio University, particularly pointed out that Unit 731's inhumane deeds involved unleashing malicious human-made plagues on people.
The September 18, 1931 Incident in the city of Shenyang in northeast China was a precursor to Japan's launch of a full-scale invasion of China and was a key event ahead of the outbreak of World War Two in Asia.
"Fleas infected with the plague were dropped from aircraft along with food. After they landed on the ground, rats would come to eat the food. The plague-infected fleas would then jump onto the rats, infecting them. As the number of plague-infected rats increased, they would eventually transmit the plague to humans," the professor said, describing how the unit spread the infection to humans.
According to Matsumura, military doctors with Unit 731 were responsible for both producing plague bacillus and developing plague vaccines. He published a book titled "Vaccine Development and War Crime" in 2023, exposing the unit's cruelty of testing the vaccines on live humans.
Matsumura said that the results of these brutal experiments allowed Unit 731 to surpass even Japan's top medical institutions in vaccine research.
"Before the war, the University of Tokyo in Japan had the highest level of expertise in vaccine research. However, when Unit 731 began developing vaccines, they quickly surpassed the university's Infectious Disease Research Institute. And the reason why Unit 731 was able to quickly surpass the research institute was because they conducted experiments on 'Maruta'," he said.
"Maruta" was the code-name for the human experimentation project. In Japanese the word directly translates as "wood that has been skinned" or "logs," which is how the test subjects were referred to.
Unit 731 was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons manufacturing in China during World War II. The unit is estimated to have killed between 200,000 and 300,000 people. It was based in the Pingfang District of Harbin, the largest city in the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo (now Northeast China, formerly named Manchuria) and had active branch offices throughout China and Southeast Asia.
Unit 731 was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes committed by the Japanese aggressor troops. It routinely conducted tests on people who had undergone inhuman treatment. Experiments included disease injections, controlled dehydration, biological weapons testing, hypobaric pressure chamber testing, vivisection, organ procurement, amputation, and standard weapons testing. Victims included not only kidnapped men, women (including pregnant women) and children but also babies born from the systemic rape perpetrated by the staff inside the compound.
After the war, the doctors with Unit 731 were granted war criminal immunity in exchange for providing research data to the U.S., according to Matsumura's research.
"The general headquarters of the U.S. Forces in Japan used immunity for Shiro Ishii (head of Unit 731) and other war criminals in exchange for these research data. But the U.S. Department of Defense explicitly demanded that no documents should ever record anything about the immunity granted to the war criminals, because if it were ever exposed one day, the credibility of the United States as a nation would be utterly ruined," Matsumura said.
The professor's work is not only an important contribution to unveiling Japan's wartime crimes but also a call for Japan's younger generations to face up to the country's history. He expressed the hope that Unit 731's atrocities will one day be included into Japanese history textbooks, despite efforts by the Japanese government to conceal this part of the country's past.
"Although the Japanese government has tried to cover up and conceal these historical facts, I hope that the officials of Japan's Ministry of Education will seriously heed the calls to face history honestly," Matsumura said.
The crimes committed by Unit 731 were among the most gruesome atrocities of the Japanese invasion of China during World War II.
Japanese scholar unveils Unit 731's war crimes of human experiments
