TOKYO (AP) — Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba’ s ruling coalition lost a majority in the 465-seat lower house in a key parliamentary election Sunday, Japan’s NHK public television said. The results reflect voters' outrage over the governing party’s extensive financial scandals.
Ishiba's Liberal Democratic Party remains the top party in Japan's parliament, and a change of government is not expected. But the results create political uncertainty. Falling short of a majority makes it difficult for Ishiba to get his party’s policies through parliament, and he may need to find a third coalition partner. The LDP’s coalition retains a majority in the less powerful upper house.
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Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, prepares for a media while the board shows the names of the party's candidates who won the lower house election, at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, prepares for a media interview with Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba seen on TV screen, at Noda’s party headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media regarding the lower house election, at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024, in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba pauses as he speaks to the media regarding the lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024, in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba pause as he speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024, in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba, right, Chairperson of LDP Election Strategy Committee Shinjiro Koizumi, left, pose with a pin above the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba places a pin on the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba, fourth from left, and the party's other senior members pose for a photo in front of the LDP candidates’ names of the lower house election seen on the board, at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba poses with a pin above the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media about the lower house election at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media regarding the early result of the lower house election at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media regarding the lower house election at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba poses with a pin above the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
A woman walks towards voting booths at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
Election staff members help voters at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
Japan's Prime Minister and head of the governing Liberal Democratic Party Shigeru Ishiba waves during a campaign for a parliamentary election in Tokyo, Japan, Saturday, Oct. 26, 2024. (Kyodo News via AP)
Voters prepare to cast their ballots at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
A voter prepares to cast his ballot at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
Leader of opposition Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, Yoshihiko Noda speaks during a campaigning for a parliamentary election in Tokyo, Japan, Saturday, Oct. 26, 2024. (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and head of the governing Liberal Democratic Party Shigeru Ishiba speaks during a campaigning for a parliamentary election in Tokyo, Japan, Saturday, Oct. 26, 2024. (Kyodo News via AP)
A voter casts her ballot at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
A woman looks at a billboard with candidates campaign posters for Japan's lower house election installed at a polling station in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
With all but one seat accounted for, the ruling coalition with junior partner Komeito secured 214 seats, down sharply from the majority of 279 it previously held. It is the coalition's worst result since briefly falling from power in 2009.
Official results are expected later Monday.
Ishiba took office on Oct. 1 and immediately ordered the election in hopes of shoring up support after his predecessor, Fumio Kishida, failed to address public outrage over the LDP’s scandals.
“The results so far have been extremely severe, and we take them very seriously," Ishiba told NHK. “I believe the voters are telling us to reflect more and become a party that lives up to their expectations."
Ishiba said the LDP would still lead a ruling coalition and tackle key policies, compile a planned supplementary budget and pursue political reform.
He indicated that the LDP is open to cooperating with opposition groups if that suits the public's expectations.
The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, led by centrist leader Yoshihiko Noda, made huge gains to 148 seats, from its previous 98. “We accomplished our goal of preventing the ruling coalition from a majority, which was a major achievement,” Noda said.
Noda called the election a rare chance for a change of government, and said he seeks to lead a coalition with other opposition groups to do so. But his party has had trouble finding partners, and some voters were skeptical about the opposition’s ability and inexperience.
For Ishiba, potential additional partners include the Democratic Party of the People, which calls for lower taxes, and the conservative Japan Innovation Party.
DPP head Yuichiro Tamaki said he was open to “a partial alliance.” Innovation Party chief Nobuyuki Baba has denied any intention to cooperate. As of early Monday, DPP had 28 seats and the Innovation Party 38.
Ishiba may face backlash from a number of scandal-tainted lawmakers with former leader Shinzo Abe's faction, whom Ishiba had un-endorsed for Sunday's election in an attempt to regain public support.
The LDP is less cohesive now and could enter the era of short-lived prime ministers. Ishiba is expected to last at least until the ruling bloc approves key budget plans at the end of December.
“The public’s criticisms against the slush funds scandal has intensified, and it won’t go away easily,” said Izuru Makihara, a University of Tokyo professor of politics and public policy. “There is a growing sense of fairness, and people are rejecting privileges for politicians.” Makihara suggested Ishiba needs bold political reform measures to regain public trust.
A total of 1,344 candidates, including a record 314 women, were running for office.
In another blow to the ruling coalition, a number of LDP veterans who have served in Cabinet posts, as well as Komeito's new leader, Keiichi Ishii, lost seats.
Experts say a CDPJ-led government is not in the picture because of its lack of viable policies.
“If they take power and try to change the economic and diplomatic policies of the current government, they will only end up collapsing right away,” Makihara said. Realistically, Ishiba's ruling coalition would seek a partnership with either the Innovation Party or the Democratic Party of the People, he said.
At a downtown Tokyo polling station, a number of voters said they had considered the corruption scandal and economic measures in deciding how to vote.
Once a popular politician known for criticism of even his own party’s policies, Ishiba has also seen support for his weeks-old Cabinet plunge.
Ishiba pledged to revitalize the rural economy, address Japan’s falling birth rate and bolster defense. But his Cabinet has familiar faces, with only two women, and was seen as alienating members of the faction led by late premier Shinzo Abe. Ishiba quickly retreated from earlier support for a dual surname option for married couples and legalizing same-sex marriage, an apparent compromise to the party’s influential ultra-conservatives.
His popularity fell because of “the gap in what the public expected him to be as prime minister versus the reality of what he brought as prime minister,” said Rintaro Nishimura, a political analyst at The Asia Group.
AP video journalist Mayuko Ono contributed to this report.
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, prepares for a media while the board shows the names of the party's candidates who won the lower house election, at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, prepares for a media interview with Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba seen on TV screen, at Noda’s party headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media regarding the lower house election, at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024, in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba pauses as he speaks to the media regarding the lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024, in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba pause as he speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024, in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba, right, Chairperson of LDP Election Strategy Committee Shinjiro Koizumi, left, pose with a pin above the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba places a pin on the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba, fourth from left, and the party's other senior members pose for a photo in front of the LDP candidates’ names of the lower house election seen on the board, at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba poses with a pin above the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media about the lower house election at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media regarding the early result of the lower house election at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Yoshihiko Noda, leader of Japan's opposition Constitutional Democratic Party, speaks to the media regarding the lower house election at the party's headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba poses with a pin above the name of a candidate who won the lower house election, the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Shigeru Ishiba speaks to the media regarding the early result of lower house election, at the LDP headquarters Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024 in Tokyo, (Takashi Aoyama/Pool Photo via AP)
A woman walks towards voting booths at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
Election staff members help voters at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
Japan's Prime Minister and head of the governing Liberal Democratic Party Shigeru Ishiba waves during a campaign for a parliamentary election in Tokyo, Japan, Saturday, Oct. 26, 2024. (Kyodo News via AP)
Voters prepare to cast their ballots at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
A voter prepares to cast his ballot at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
Leader of opposition Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, Yoshihiko Noda speaks during a campaigning for a parliamentary election in Tokyo, Japan, Saturday, Oct. 26, 2024. (Kyodo News via AP)
Japan's Prime Minister and head of the governing Liberal Democratic Party Shigeru Ishiba speaks during a campaigning for a parliamentary election in Tokyo, Japan, Saturday, Oct. 26, 2024. (Kyodo News via AP)
A voter casts her ballot at a polling station for Japan's lower house election in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
A woman looks at a billboard with candidates campaign posters for Japan's lower house election installed at a polling station in Tokyo, Japan, Sunday, Oct. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Hiro Komae)
