Commemorations were held across China on Wednesday, the 93rd anniversary of the September 18 Incident which marked the beginning of the 14-year Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, to mourn fallen heroes and war victims while calling on people to remember their ancestors' sacrifices.
On September 18, 1931, Japanese troops blew up a section of the railway in Shenyang and accused the Chinese military of doing it. Using the blast as a pretext, Japanese forces bombarded Shenyang on the same night, launching a full-scale invasion of northeast China.
A bell-ringing ceremony was held to mark the anniversary in front of a monument at the September 18 Incident History Museum in Shenyang City, in northeast China's Liaoning Province, on Wednesday morning.
Representatives of people from all walks of life struck a bell 14 times, symbolizing the 14 years of fighting against Japanese aggressors by the Chinese people. The bell was cast with the words "Never forget national humiliation".
"We must inherit and carry forward the Spirit of the Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, never forget history, and cherish peace," said Tong Bo, an attendee at the commemoration.
Air-raid alarms were sounded in many cities across China on Wednesday morning to mourn fallen heroes and war victims.
"Ninety-three years have passed, and we must never forget what happened on September 18, 1931. Today, China has undergone earth-shaking changes. We must not forget the national humiliation and strive for a better future," said Du Dongdong, a resident in Yan'an City, northwest China's Shaanxi Province.
At the Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders in Nanjing in east China's Jiangsu Province, descendants of survivors, military school representatives, and attendees from different walks of life gathered to ring a bell in remembrance.
At a Martyrs Cemetery in Chengdu City, southwest China's Sichuan Province, more than 200 students, led by veterans, held a ceremony to honor the heroes.
In front of the Monument for the "Hundred Regiments" in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, young students laid flowers in tribute to the fallen martyrs.
"We should study diligently and consciously embrace the responsibilities entrusted to us by history, honoring the martyrs through our meaningful actions," said Qiao Zhiyu, a student at the Shanxi Institute of Technology.
The Museum of the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in Beijing, the Memorial Hall for Northeast Chinese Revolutionary Martyrs in Harbin, capital of northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, the former site of the Eighth Route Army's office in Guilin in Guilin City, south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and the former site of the headquarters of the New Fourth Army in Nanchang City, east China's Jiangxi Province ll, all held commemorations on Wednesday where people relived revolutionary history and mourned the martyrs.
Military camps across China also held ceremonies where officers and soldiers gathered to reflect on history and honor the memory of the martyrs.
Commemorations held across China to mark 93rd anniversary of Sept 18 Incident
China launched the two final backup satellites of BeiDou-3 navigation system on Thursday morning, enhancing its stability and laying foundation for the next-generation navigation system.
These latest satellites, the 59th and 60th in the series launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwest China's Sichuan Province, were elevated into the skies by a Long March-3B carrier rocket, marking a significant step in China's advancement of its homegrown satellite navigation system.
The BeiDou-3 satellite system now has 30 in-orbit satellites, including 24 in medium earth orbit, occupying three separate orbital planes. Of the six remaining satellites, three are in geostationary earth orbit, meaning their speed follows the earth's rotation without an incline. The other three are in an inclined geosynchronous orbit, meaning they also match the earth's rotation but their altitude varies significantly along the orbit path.
Most of these satellites have been in operation for six years, providing a robust framework for precise location services.
According to BeiDou-3’s chief designer Liu Yingchun, the latest launches will ensure greater stability for the navigation system.
"All operational satellites in the BeiDou-3 constellation system are currently running stably, meeting the required indicators for year-round availability. There are now eight satellites on each medium earth orbit plane. With the launch of the two final satellites, each orbital plane will have a total of 10 satellites. These satellites require routine maintenance and management. The number of satellites able to offer services on each orbital plane must be adequate even when some satellites are undergoing maintenance. Therefore, we've deployed backup satellites on each orbital plane consecutively," Liu explained.
While strengthening the BeiDou network's service capabilities, Chinese scientists are also exploring next-generation satellite technology. Given that the majority of satellites have a designed lifespan of 10 years, China has begun plans to upgrade the BeiDou system's constellation satellites.
"Moving forward, we'll work on the deployment of BeiDou-4. The two satellites represent the final group of Beidou-3, serving as a bridge between the current and future generations. Aside from fulfilling their routine tasks as satellites of the constellation, they will also be engaged in technical validation and exploration projects," said Liu.
The BeiDou navigation satellite system, a global satellite navigation system independently developed and operated by China, has completed its three-step strategy, which is not the end but a new starting point for BeiDou. The successful construction of the BeiDou-3 system has laid a solid foundation for the development of future generations of BeiDou systems.
China aims to build a more ubiquitous, integrated and intelligent comprehensive positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) system by 2035, which will serve global users better. The upcoming comprehensive PNT system will be an enhancement over the existing network, extending high-precision services globally and addressing technical challenges such as weak satellite navigation signals and interference, aiming to enable underwater and indoor navigation as well as deep space navigation.
The BeiDou system is designed to provide all-weather, all-time, high-precision positioning, navigation and timing services to users worldwide. The three-step strategy involved the development of the BeiDou-1 system by the end of 2000, the BeiDou-2 system extending services to the Asia-Pacific region by the end of 2012, and the BeiDou-3 system, which officially began offering global services in 2020.
BeiDou's latest satellite launch to boost stability, advance next-gen navigation system
