MEXICO CITY (AP) — Among the many horrifying videos posted online amid Mexico’s drug cartel violence, few have been as profoundly shocking as that of a 14-year-old boy kidnapped in late October along with about a dozen family members in the country's south.
In the video, posted by his captors, the skinny, shoeless boy is seen sitting against a tree, his hands tied with rope and saying quietly that he works for a rival drug gang. The boy obviously spoke under duress, his schoolboy face tentative and cautious.
Authorities confirmed on Friday that 14-year-old Ángel Barrera Millán was one of four minors and seven adults whose dismembered bodies were found dumped in the back of a pickup truck on the side of a highway this week.
The deaths underscore the brazen power of the local drug cartels and the powerlessness of the government in the area around Chilpancingo — the capital of Guerrero state, where the resort of Acapulco is located — and the nearby township of Chilapa.
The boy's family was traveling on Oct. 21 to Chilapa to sell their stock of plastic household items — buckets, dishes and other containers — at an open-air market when they were abducted by The Ardillos, a local cartel that controls Chilapa and has been fighting the rival Tlacos for control of Chilpancingo.
“The state authorities have allowed these organized crime groups to gain very deeply rooted control of these areas,” an activist of the human rights group Tlachinollan said on condition of anonymity, for fear of reprisals. “This area is completely controlled by the Ardillos,” including some areas he said officials were loath to enter.
The video posted online suggests the family may have originally been kidnapped because one of their members had taken a cellphone photograph of the wrong person in town.
It is not clear what happened to the other two members of the group — 13 disappeared and 11 bodies were found, including three women and another boy who was 13.
The family's tragedy did not end with the 11 killed. On Oct. 27, four relatives went to look for the missing family, and were themselves abducted. They haven't been heard from since.
Until Nov. 6, when the bodies were found, state authorities had claimed they were searching far and wide in what had become a missing persons' case with 17 people, all relatives.
Prosecutors posted photos of police officers, soldiers, vehicles and drones fanning out over dirt roads and into the brush. The army called in helicopters, and a reward of about $50,000 was offered for information on the missing, but couldn't find them.
Apparently, the cartel likely killed them in Chilpancingo, the state capital with a population of 300,000. Their bodies were left on the main boulevard leading through the city, which also serves as the main north-south highway to Acapulco.
The family's death was not the first gruesome killing by the cartel.
In early October, the city’s mayor was killed and beheaded just a week after he took office. Alejandro Arcos took office on Oct. 1 in Chilpancingo. His body was found in a pickup truck a week later, his head placed on the vehicle’s roof.
In 2023, another gang hijacked a government armored car, blocked a major highway and took police hostage to win the release of arrested suspects.
The rights activist explained that the Ardillos control a large swath of the state's mountains, where they call obligatory community assemblies and force local residents to cooperate with the gang.
Mexican cartels frequently dump bodies of their hostages — or post grisly videos of torture, interrogation and decapitations of their victims — to intimidate their rivals and authorities.
FILE - People demand justice for murdered Mayor Alejandro Arcos in Chilpancingo, Guerrero state, Mexico, Oct. 10, 2024. Arcos took office on Oct. 1 in Chilpancingo, and his beheaded body was found in a pickup truck a week later, his head placed on the vehicle's roof. (AP Photo/Alejandrino Gonzalez, File)
BAKU, Azerbaijan (AP) — After nearly a decade of negotiations, leaders during the United Nations climate conference's first day decided on some of the finer points of much-debated sticking point aimed at cutting planet-warming emissions from coal, oil and gas.
Known as Article 6, it was set up as part of the 2015 Paris Agreement to help nations work together to reduce climate-causing pollution. Part of that was a system of carbon credits, allowing nations to put planet-warming gasses in the air if they offset emissions elsewhere.
But the gaveling through of Article 6 late Monday was criticized by climate justice groups, who said carbon markets allow major polluters to keep emitting at the expense of people and the environment.
COP29, as this year’s summit is known, has brought together world leaders to discuss ways to limit and adapt to the climate crisis. Scientists agree that the warming of the atmosphere caused primarily by human-burned fossil fuels is fueling deadlier and increasingly catastrophic droughts, flooding, hurricanes and heat.
Here's a look at Article 6 and the carbon credits system it aims to implement.
Article 6 first made an appearance at the Paris climate talks in 2015, where world leaders agreed to try to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) from pre-industrial levels.
Its aim is to outline how countries and companies can trade emissions reductions to remove and stop more carbon pollution reaching the atmosphere. The idea is to set up carbon trading markets, allowing higher polluters to offset some of the pollution they produce by buying carbon credits from less polluting countries.
Article 6 offers two ways for countries to do this. The first is for two nations to set their own rules and standards for carbon credit trades. Some countries are already signing deals to do this, including Singapore with the Philippines, Costa Rica and Sri Lanka, Switzerland with Ghana, Peru and Ukraine, among others.
The second option creates an international, U.N.-governed market that anyone can purchase credits through.
Isa Mulder, an expert on global carbon markets with the research group Carbon Market Watch, said the idea behind Article 6 is for countries to find the cheapest way to cut emissions. By trading carbon credits, it makes cutting global pollution cheaper and more efficient.
But Article 6 is contentious, leading to years of delays. At COP28, negotiations crumbled after disagreements on transparency, rules on credits that could be traded, and what makes a good carbon removal credit.
“There are other problems like when local communities don't have a say in the project and are forced to resettle," said Mulder, referring to how some tree-planting carbon credit schemes can happen on inhabited Indigenous lands. “So there’s a lot of human rights concerns.”
United Nations secretary-general Antonio Guterres urged negotiators to “agree to rules for fair, effective carbon markets” and “leave no space for greenwashing or land-grabbing.”
The hope of Article 6 is that it incentivizes countries to collaborate to reach their climate goals.
Countries could generate carbon credits based on projects aimed to meet their own climate goals, such as protecting existing forests from development or shutting coal-fired plants.
Private-sector players or other high carbon polluter countries could then buy the credits, which would allow them to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gas. Heavy-polluting companies would be important customers.
Each credit would equal a ton of CO2 or the equivalent of other greenhouse gases that can be reduced in the air, sequestered, or avoided by using green energies instead.
Money from the credits generated would go to local projects. The per-ton price of carbon would fluctuate in the market, meaning that the higher it rises, the more green projects could fetch through new credits generated.
Under carbon markets, countries that lower their emissions by installing clean energy projects like solar or wind power or electrifying public transportation systems can sell carbon credits.
But critics question whether it will be effective and worry it could lead to similar problems seen with the Kyoto Protocol, a 1997 pact for developed nations to reduce their heat-trapping gas emissions to 1990 levels and below. The deal was dealt a hammer blow when the then U.S. administration withdrew from it.
"There’s a lot of concerns about whether that credit actually represents what it stands for,” said Mulder from Carbon Market Watch.
Monday's decision signaled early momentum on establishing Article 6, which the COP29 presidency said it would prioritize this year.
But leaders still need to agree on other sections of the issue, including rules on two-nation carbon credit trading and the final details of the international, U.N.-governed market.
Once finalized, Article 6 could reduce the cost of implementing national climate plans by $250 billion annually according to U.N. estimates. The COP29 presidency will then encourage countries to participate in carbon trading.
On Monday, COP29 President Mukhtar Babayev said Article 6 “will be a game-changing tool to direct resources to the developing world.”
But concerns remain about how it will work, given how it was developed.
“Communities' consent and ownership over these initiatives are not just essential, but also a matter of respect and inclusion,” said David Nicholson, chief climate officer at Mercy Corps, a nonprofit that works on poverty, climate and other issues.
"We are concerned that the agreement lacks adequate protections to human rights and undermines the goals of the Paris Agreement, rather than supporting them. If these concerns aren’t addressed, the decision could allow carbon trading to take the place of genuine, much-needed climate finance commitments,” Nicholson added.
AP Science writer Seth Borenstein contributed to this report. Pineda reported from Los Angeles.
Follow Sibi Arasu on X at @sibi123
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Rovinari, a plant that produces electricity from coal, operates in Rovinari, southern Romania, Friday, Oct. 11, 2024. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)
Traffic rolls through a colorful forest in the Taunus region in Usingen near Frankfurt, Germany, Friday, Nov. 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Michael Probst)
For nearly a decade, climate talks have been hashing out so-called Article 6. But what is it?
For nearly a decade, climate talks have been hashing out so-called Article 6. But what is it?
A pumpjack operates at a drilling site in Baku, Azerbaijan, Monday, Sept. 16, 2024. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits)
