Italy's president sharply rebukes Elon Musk over comments on X about migration court rulings

ROME (AP) — Italian President Sergio Mattarella sharply rebuked Elon Musk on Wednesday for weighing in on Italian court rulings that have stymied the government’s plans to process some asylum-seekers in Albania.

Musk, who is expected to have a top advisory role in Donald Trump’s new administration, wrote Tuesday on X that “these judges need to go.” He was referring to the latest Italian court ruling against right-wing Premier Giorgia Meloni’s much-touted Albania immigration deal.

“This is unacceptable. Do the people of Italy live in a democracy or does an unelected autocracy make the decisions?” he wrote in a subsequent post Wednesday.

The posts concerned a Rome court's refusal to rule on a formal request to detain seven migrants rescued at sea and transferred to Albania for processing. Monday's ruling resulted in the men being brought to Italy for processing.

Mattarella didn’t cite Musk by name but — in an unusually piqued statement — made clear on Wednesday that he was referring to him. Italy's head of state demanded respect for the country's sovereignty, especially from other soon-to-be public officials.

“Italy is a great democratic country and … knows how to take care of itself while respecting its Constitution,” Mattarella said in a statement issued by his spokesman.

“Anyone, particularly if as announced is about to assume an important role of government in a friendly and allied country, must respect its sovereignty and cannot attribute to himself the task of imparting prescriptions,” the statement said.

Trump announced Tuesday that Musk, one of the most influential people around the U.S. president-elect, would help lead a Department of Government Efficiency, essentially an independent advisory panel to eliminate waste and fraud.

Musk is a supporter of Meloni and has met with her in Rome on a few occasions, and in September joined her at an awards ceremony on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly. Photos of them together made such news that Musk seemingly felt the need to tamp down speculation by posting “We are not dating.”

Musk has a history of making provocative statements and sparring with leaders on X. Earlier this year, he posted messages insulting U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer and saying the United Kingdom was headed for civil war. He has also clashed with a Brazilian supreme court justice over free speech, far-right accounts and purported misinformation on X, and also accused Venezuela’s socialist president, Nicolás Maduro, of “major election fraud” after that country’s disputed election.

Later Wednesday, an Italian representative of X, Andrea Stroppa, tweeted what appeared to be a statement from Musk that said he had spoken during the day with Meloni. According to Stroppa's tweet, Musk “expresses his respect” for Mattarella and the Italian Constitution but insists on his right to freedom of expression.

The courts’ rulings have raised the ire of Meloni’s far-right-led government, which has been seeking strategies to ease the strain on Italy of the arrival of migrants seeking a better life in Europe. The government had held up the opening of the Albanian centers as a centerpiece of its immigration crackdown, also as a means of deterrence, and said they could be a model for Europe.

In both cases, Italian courts referred the cases to the EU court of justice in Luxembourg to rule if the countries of origin for the migrants are considered safe for repatriation. There is no word on when the European court might rule.

But as a result of the Rome court decisions, no migrant has yet been processed in the Albanian centers, which are budgeted to cost Italy 670 million euros ($730 million) over five years to build and operate.

Italy's opposition says the money could be much better spent on reinforcing Italian-operated migrant processing centers, while human rights groups say the outsourcing of asylum processing contravenes international law.

The centers opened in October after a months-long delay, because crumbling soil at one of the facilities needed to be repaired. They are run by Italy and are under the country's jurisdiction, while Albanian guards provide external security.

FILE - Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk listens as Republican presidential nominee former President Donald Trump speaks at a campaign event at the Butler Farm Show, Oct. 5, 2024, in Butler, Pa. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

FILE - Sergio Mattarella, President of Italy, right, addresses journalists at the end of the Arraiolos Group meeting in Porto, Portugal, Oct. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Miguel Angelo Pereira, File)

CORRECTS TO PRIME MINISTER, NOT PRESIDENT - FILE - Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, right, presents Italy's Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni with an award during the Global Citizen Awards dinner, Monday, Sept. 23, 2024, in New York. (AP Photo/Michelle Farsi, File)

FILE - Sergio Mattarella, President of Italy, right, addresses journalists at the end of the Arraiolos Group meeting in Porto, Portugal, Oct. 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Miguel Angelo Pereira, File)

FILE - Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, right, presents Italy's President Giorgia Meloni with an award during the Global Citizen Awards dinner, Monday, Sept. 23, 2024, in New York. (AP Photo/Michelle Farsi, File)

Italy's president sharply rebukes Elon Musk over comments on X about migration court rulings

Italy's president sharply rebukes Elon Musk over comments on X about migration court rulings

FILE - Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk listens as Republican presidential nominee former President Donald Trump speaks at a campaign event at the Butler Farm Show, Oct. 5, 2024, in Butler, Pa. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

CHIPINGE, Zimbabwe (AP) — Gertrude Siduna appears to have little appetite for corn farming season.

Rather than prepare her land in Zimbabwe’s arid southeastern Chipinge district for the crop that has fed her family for generations, the 49-year-old — bitter at repeated droughts that have decimated yields — turns her thoughts to the prices and farming techniques of chilies.

“I pick my chilies from the fields and take them to the processing center close to my home. It’s simple," she said. She's received about $400 from the drought-resistant crop, and plans to grow some more. “Chilies are far better than corn.”

Siduna has been growing chilies for a year since being trained under a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development. The program was designed to strengthen small-scale farmers' resilience to climate change-induced droughts, many requiring food assistance from the government or international donors. But as climate change worsens droughts and floods worldwide, government agencies and local operators have found that aid efforts can still be made more effective and financially sustainable.

Experts say rich nations like the United States, which have been the biggest contributors of planet-warming emissions historically, have a responsibility to fund humanitarian aid in the countries that are experiencing its effects first and most severely.

The U.S. is the world’s largest international donor of food aid, reaching over 60 million people in about 70 countries annually with direct contributions of food or via programs to help farmers adapt to extreme weather. USAID plans to mobilize $150 billion for climate-related initiatives, according to the agency's climate strategy report.

In Zimbabwe, around 7.7 million people or almost half the country’s population require food assistance, according to government and United Nations figures. Frequent droughts are decimating people’s ability to feed themselves, a phenomenon worsened by climate change.

Water-guzzling white corn has been the staple crop of choice for rural farmers in Zimbabwe since its introduction to much of sub-Saharan Africa by the Portuguese in the 17th century.

But with the threat of drought, some, like Siduna, now think it may be better to buy the staple than grow it.

“I don’t lack corn meal, I just use my earnings from chilies to buy it from the local shops,” she said.

Unlike corn or other crops that she has typically grown, chilies do well in the hotter, drier conditions. And, because they end up in stores in the United States, they offer cash rewards.

“You have to continuously pray for the rain if you grow corn," said the mother of three. “The crop just can’t stand heat. But chilies can. One is assured of a harvest, and the market is readily available.”

Other crops such as millets, a cereal tolerant of poor soils, drought and harsh growing conditions, are also gaining traction under climate resilience programs.

In Chiredzi, southeast Zimbabwe, 54-year-old Kenias Chikamhi describes growing corn as “a gamble ... whereas with millets you have a good chance of at least getting something.” Millet was the country’s staple before the introduction of maize.

But not all the corn is gone yet. Zimbabwe's agriculture ministry says it plans to increase land under maize to 1.8 million hectares (4.4 million acres) by using farming techniques such as digging holes into dry land and mulching to cover the growing crops as well as by planting drought resilient varieties that can better cope with the lack of rain.

The country harvested about 700,000 tons of corn this year, 70% down from the season before and far short of the 2 million tons required annually for humans and livestock.

Farming techniques are also changing.

Another of USAID's initiatives has seen a community garden in Mutandahwe village, where Siduna lives, irrigated by three small solar panels. The panels pump water from a borehole into storage tanks that are connected to the garden taps by pipes, turning the 1-hectare plot of vegetables like onions, leaf cabbage and cow peas into an island of lush green.

Solar-powered community gardens have been spreading across the district and much of the country’s dry areas.

“We were struggling walking long distances to fetch water from rivers, and right now the rivers are dry," said Muchaneta Mutowa, secretary of the plot. The plot is shared by 60 members, each growing vegetables they can eat and sell.

“We now have easy access to reliable water that flows from the taps (and) we don’t pay for the sun,” she said. And money from the sale of vegetables goes a long way to pay for family basics such as school fees.

Members pay a dollar each into a savings pot that can be used to lend each other for a small interest or pay for minor repairs “so that we are not always reliant on the donor,” said Mutohwa.

Because USAID's investments can be so consequential for receiving countries, it's important they're done right, said Lora Iannotti, a professor who studies global maternal and youth nutrition at the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis.

Richer countries like the U.S. have tended to use direct donations of surplus staple and commodity crops like corn and wheat as a way to benefit their own farmers, according to Iannotti’s research.

Iannotti has seen advances in food aid considering dietary variety, but thinks there’s room for improvement. Undernourishment became more prevalent after the COVID-19 pandemic, and climate change is making hunger a more pressing issue than ever, with crises that resemble “stuff from 100 years ago,” she said.

Daniel Maxwell, a professor of food security at Tufts University, thinks countries providing aid also need strategies to address problems "causing the hunger in the first place,” whether that's climate change, war or other factors. He also thinks countries need a more balanced approach including projects promoting health, protection from violence or nutrition.

USAID and the U.S. Department of Agriculture haven't yet explained how food aid efforts might be changed or altered by the incoming U.S. administration, but the delay on renewing expired Farm Bill legislation does hold up USDA programming including food aid projects in a variety of ways, said Alexis Taylor, undersecretary of trade and foreign agricultural affairs at USDA.

The U.S. Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, released reports finding that USAID and its partner agencies needed to improve the ways they measured the outcomes of their programs.

USAID says they worked with the GAO to address its recommendations. The GAO has closed six of the eight recommendations, indicating satisfactory response. The two remaining recommendations will be resolved with the release of the latest Global Food Security Strategy Implementation Plan in October, a spokesperson for USAID said.

“We are committing a lot of U.S. taxpayer dollars," said Chelsa Kenney, the GAO’s director for international affairs issues. “It’s important that we’re good stewards of those taxpayer dollars to ensure that the kind of programming that we are providing to these countries is really making a difference.”

Follow Farai Mutsaka on X at @MutsakaFarai. Follow Melina Walling at @MelinaWalling.

The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations, including for global health and development coverage in Africa from the Gates Foundation. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.

Villagers fill water buckets in a plot that is part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe on Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

A villager tends to his vegetable garden in a plot that is part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe, Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

Villagers stand next to solar panels and water tanks that are part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe on Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

Muchaneta Mutowa, center, checks the weather while working in a plot that is part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe, Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

Chilies are harvested in a plot that is part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe, Thursday, Sept. 19 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

A villager tends to his vegetable garden that is part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe, Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

Villagers tend to their crops in a plot that is part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe, Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

Kenias Chikamhi and his wife Chanatsi Cheku harvest corn in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe, Wednesday, Sept. 18, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)

A villager harvests vegetables in a plot that is part of a climate-smart agriculture program funded by the United States Agency for International Development in Chipinge, Zimbabwe, on Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024. (AP Photo/Aaron Ufumeli)