JAKARTA, Indonesia (AP) — Indonesia’s Parliament unanimously voted to pass a controversial revision of its military law on Thursday that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces, despite growing opposition from pro-democracy and rights groups who see it as a threat to the country’s young democracy.
In a plenary session, all eight political parties represented in Parliament backed the bill. The House of Representatives is largely controlled by parties supporting President Prabowo Subianto, a former army general with ties to the country’s dictatorial past.
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A protester shout slogans as a fire burns during a rally outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Student protesters burn a tire and throw objects at police officers during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Student protesters burn a tire during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters hold posters and banners as they march during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. Writing on the poster reads "Reject the Military Law". (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
A protester shouts slogans during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters hold posters as they march during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Police officers set up a barricade during a student protest against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
A protester throws an object toward riot police officers during a rally outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters react as police use a water cannon during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters take cover as police use a water cannon during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Riot police officers take their position during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters tear down a part of the fence of the parliament building during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Riot police officers react as protesters tear down part of the fence of the parliament building during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters tear down the fence at parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, during a rally against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Currently, active military officers can only serve in ministries or state institutions related to security, defense or intelligence under a landmark 2004 law that reduced the military’s role in civil affairs.
The amendment to the 2004 Law on the Indonesian Armed Forces introduces several changes that aim to broaden the military's role beyond defense.
Once in force, the new law will allow active officers to take civilian positions without having to retire or resign from service in four more bodies, including the Attorney General’s Office, the Supreme Court and the Coordinating Ministry for Political and Security Affairs.
Under current law, military personnel are permitted to serve in only 10 ministries and state institutions, including the Ministry of Defense, the National Intelligence Agency and the Search and Rescue Agency. But that number will now be expanded to 14 for non-combat military functions.
A new clause also grants the president the authority to appoint military personnel to other ministries as needed, according to the draft.
The revision has raised concerns among pro-democracy activists and students who fear that expanding the military in civilian roles would restore the “dual function” of the armed services that they had in the era under the dictator Suharto.
At that time, seats in the legislature were reserved for the military, and officers occupied thousands of civilian roles from district chiefs to Cabinet ministers. The dual-function system effectively turned the armed forces into a tool for Suharto when he later became president to crush his political opponents.
Al Araf, the director of Indonesian rights group Imparsial, said Thursday the new law is inconsistent with the spirit of the reforms that followed the end of more than three decades of rule by Suharto in 1998 and returned the military to the barracks.
“The move has the potential to restore the authoritarian system,” Araf said.
Another major criticisms of the law is the way it has been discussed: behind closed doors, with little public input and in a fast-tracked process.
The latest draft was introduced less than a month ago, following a letter to the House from Subianto endorsing the bill. Pro-democracy activists discovered that lawmakers and government officials met in secret to discuss draft revisions at a five-star hotel in South Jakarta on March 15.
Dominique Nicky Fahrizal, a researcher at Indonesia’s Centre for Strategic and International Studies, said Thursday the way in which the law was drafted could prompt backlash.
“Autocratic legalism will damage the foundations of constitutional democracy because it exploits loopholes in the construction of legal thought,” he said.
Defense Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, a former three-star army general, defended the new law, saying that lawmakers considered it properly and it will make the military more effective.
In a speech after the parliament passed the bill into law, he said the amendments were necessary because the geopolitical changes and global technology require the military to transform “to face conventional and non-conventional conflicts.”
“We will never disappoint the Indonesian people in maintaining the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia," he said.
Associated Press journalists Edna Tarigan and Fadlan Syam in Jakarta, Indonesia, contributed to this report.
A protester shout slogans as a fire burns during a rally outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Student protesters burn a tire and throw objects at police officers during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Student protesters burn a tire during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters hold posters and banners as they march during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. Writing on the poster reads "Reject the Military Law". (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
A protester shouts slogans during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters hold posters as they march during a rally against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Police officers set up a barricade during a student protest against the passing of a new military law allowing active military personnel to hold more civilian posts, outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
A protester throws an object toward riot police officers during a rally outside the parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters react as police use a water cannon during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters take cover as police use a water cannon during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Riot police officers take their position during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters tear down a part of the fence of the parliament building during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Riot police officers react as protesters tear down part of the fence of the parliament building during a rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
Protesters tear down the fence at parliament in Jakarta, Indonesia, Thursday, March 20, 2025, during a rally against the passing of a controversial revision of a military law that will allow military officers to serve in more government posts without resigning from the armed forces. (AP Photo/Tatan Syuflana)
